{ "name": "The rules on a firm using a closed matter's file", "title": "The rules on a firm using a closed matter's file", "kind": "terms-board", "url": "https://sellcasefilestoai.com/datasets/case-file-confidentiality-law/", "csv": "https://sellcasefilestoai.com/datasets/case-file-confidentiality-law.csv", "markdown": "https://sellcasefilestoai.com/datasets/case-file-confidentiality-law/index.md", "computed_at": "2026-10-29", "license": "https://sellcasefilestoai.com/terms", "headline": "5 of 13 texts read govern a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client, each quoted from its own page, newest read 29 October 2026.", "quotes": [ "5 of 13 texts read govern a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client, each quoted from its own page, newest read 29 October 2026.", "What it governs, by provision: a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client 5 of 13, what is owed when a representation ends or a practice is sold 2 of 13, personal or criminal offence data and its lawful use 2 of 13, privilege or work product and how disclosure waives it 2 of 13, who first owns a work made by staff 1 of 13, who owns the documents in a client file 1 of 13 (13 provisions, read 29 October 2026).", "Where it applies, by provision: United States 8 of 13, United Kingdom 5 of 13 (13 provisions, read 29 October 2026).", "What kind of text it is, by provision: a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct 6 of 13, a statute, rule of evidence or procedure 4 of 13, a regulator's or law society's guidance 3 of 13 (13 provisions, read 29 October 2026).", "What it says, in its own words, by provision: stated 13 of 13 (13 provisions, read 29 October 2026)." ], "citation": "\"The rules on a firm using a closed matter's file\", updated 2026-10-29, https://sellcasefilestoai.com/datasets/case-file-confidentiality-law/.", "national": { "n": 13, "unit": "provisions", "documents": 13, "published_sources": 13, "named_sources": 15 }, "board": { "type": "clauses", "noun": { "one": "provision", "many": "provisions" }, "document": { "one": "text", "many": "texts" }, "fields": [ { "id": "governs", "label": "What it governs", "counts": { "ending-or-sale": 2, "confidentiality": 5, "authorship": 1, "personal-data": 2, "privilege": 2, "file-ownership": 1 }, "values": [ { "value": "confidentiality", "text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client" }, { "value": "privilege", "text": "privilege or work product and how disclosure waives it" }, { "value": "file-ownership", "text": "who owns the documents in a client file" }, { "value": "ending-or-sale", "text": "what is owed when a representation ends or a practice is sold" }, { "value": "personal-data", "text": "personal or criminal offence data and its lawful use" }, { "value": "authorship", "text": "who first owns a work made by staff" } ] }, { "id": "jurisdiction", "label": "Where it applies", "counts": { "us": 8, "uk": 5 }, "values": [ { "value": "us", "text": "United States" }, { "value": "uk", "text": "United Kingdom" } ] }, { "id": "kind", "label": "What kind of text it is", "counts": { "conduct-rule": 6, "statute": 4, "guidance": 3 }, "values": [ { "value": "statute", "text": "a statute, rule of evidence or procedure" }, { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct" }, { "value": "guidance", "text": "a regulator's or law society's guidance" } ] }, { "id": "what_it_says", "label": "What it says, in its own words", "counts": { "stated": 13 }, "values": [ { "value": "stated", "text": "stated" } ], "clause": true } ], "lead": { "type": "share", "field": "governs", "value": "confidentiality", "n": 5, "of": 13, "label": "Texts on a lawyer's duty of confidence" }, "vendors": [ { "name": "ABA Model Rule 1.16(d)", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "ending-or-sale", "text": "what is owed when a representation ends or a practice is sold", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.16 declining or terminating representation", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_16_declining_or_terminating_representation/", "value": "ending-or-sale", "quote": "surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.16 declining or terminating representation", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_16_declining_or_terminating_representation/", "value": "us", "quote": "surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.16 declining or terminating representation", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_16_declining_or_terminating_representation/", "value": "conduct-rule", "quote": "surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to the extent permitted by other law.", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.16 declining or terminating representation", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_16_declining_or_terminating_representation/", "value": "stated", "quote": "The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to the extent permitted by other law." } ] } } }, { "name": "ABA Model Rule 1.17", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "ending-or-sale", "text": "what is owed when a representation ends or a practice is sold", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.17 sale of law practice", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_17_sale_of_law_practice/", "value": "ending-or-sale", "quote": "A lawyer or a law firm may sell or purchase a law practice, or an area of law practice, including good will, if the following conditions are satisfied:" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.17 sale of law practice", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_17_sale_of_law_practice/", "value": "us", "quote": "A lawyer or a law firm may sell or purchase a law practice, or an area of law practice, including good will, if the following conditions are satisfied:" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.17 sale of law practice", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_17_sale_of_law_practice/", "value": "conduct-rule", "quote": "A lawyer or a law firm may sell or purchase a law practice, or an area of law practice, including good will, if the following conditions are satisfied:" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "A lawyer or a law firm may sell or purchase a law practice, or an area of law practice…", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.17 sale of law practice", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_17_sale_of_law_practice/", "value": "stated", "quote": "A lawyer or a law firm may sell or purchase a law practice, or an area of law practice, including good will, if the following conditions are satisfied:" } ] } } }, { "name": "ABA Model Rule 1.6", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "confidentiality", "text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6 confidentiality of information", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_6_confidentiality_of_information/", "value": "confidentiality", "quote": "A lawyer shall not reveal information relating to the representation of a client unless the client gives informed consent" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6 confidentiality of information", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_6_confidentiality_of_information/", "value": "us", "quote": "A lawyer shall not reveal information relating to the representation of a client unless the client gives informed consent" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6 confidentiality of information", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_6_confidentiality_of_information/", "value": "conduct-rule", "quote": "A lawyer shall not reveal information relating to the representation of a client unless the client gives informed consent" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "A lawyer shall not reveal information relating to the representation of a client unless…", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.6 confidentiality of information", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_6_confidentiality_of_information/", "value": "stated", "quote": "A lawyer shall not reveal information relating to the representation of a client unless the client gives informed consent, the disclosure is impliedly authorized in order to carry out the representation or the disclosure is permitted by paragraph (b)." } ] } } }, { "name": "ABA Model Rule 1.8(b)", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "confidentiality", "text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.8 current clients: specific rules", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_8_current_clients_specific_rules/", "value": "confidentiality", "quote": "A lawyer shall not use information relating to representation of a client to the disadvantage of the client unless the client gives informed consent" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.8 current clients: specific rules", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_8_current_clients_specific_rules/", "value": "us", "quote": "A lawyer shall not use information relating to representation of a client to the disadvantage of the client unless the client gives informed consent" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.8 current clients: specific rules", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_8_current_clients_specific_rules/", "value": "conduct-rule", "quote": "A lawyer shall not use information relating to representation of a client to the disadvantage of the client unless the client gives informed consent" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "A lawyer shall not use information relating to representation of a client to the…", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.8 current clients: specific rules", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_8_current_clients_specific_rules/", "value": "stated", "quote": "A lawyer shall not use information relating to representation of a client to the disadvantage of the client unless the client gives informed consent, except as permitted or required by these Rules." } ] } } }, { "name": "ABA Model Rule 1.9(c)", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "confidentiality", "text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.9 duties to former clients", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_9_duties_of_former_clients/", "value": "confidentiality", "quote": "A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter or whose present or former firm has formerly represented a client in a matter shall not thereafter:" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.9 duties to former clients", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_9_duties_of_former_clients/", "value": "us", "quote": "A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter or whose present or former firm has formerly represented a client in a matter shall not thereafter:" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.9 duties to former clients", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_9_duties_of_former_clients/", "value": "conduct-rule", "quote": "A lawyer who has formerly represented a client in a matter or whose present or former firm has formerly represented a client in a matter shall not thereafter:" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "reveal information relating to the representation except as these Rules would permit or…", "documents": [ { "document": "ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.9 duties to former clients", "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_9_duties_of_former_clients/", "value": "stated", "quote": "reveal information relating to the representation except as these Rules would permit or require with respect to a client." } ] } } }, { "name": "California rule 1.6", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "confidentiality", "text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client", "documents": [ { "document": "State Bar of California, Rule 1.6 confidential information of a client", "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/rules/Rule_1.6-Exec_Summary-Redline.pdf", "value": "confidentiality", "quote": "A lawyer’s duty to preserve the confidentiality of client" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "State Bar of California, Rule 1.6 confidential information of a client", "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/rules/Rule_1.6-Exec_Summary-Redline.pdf", "value": "us", "quote": "A lawyer’s duty to preserve the confidentiality of client" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "conduct-rule", "text": "a bar's or regulator's rule of professional conduct", "documents": [ { "document": "State Bar of California, Rule 1.6 confidential information of a client", "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/rules/Rule_1.6-Exec_Summary-Redline.pdf", "value": "conduct-rule", "quote": "A lawyer’s duty to preserve the confidentiality of client" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself or herself to preserve…", "documents": [ { "document": "State Bar of California, Rule 1.6 confidential information of a client", "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/rules/Rule_1.6-Exec_Summary-Redline.pdf", "value": "stated", "quote": "maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself or herself to preserve the secrets, of his or her client." } ] } } }, { "name": "CDPA 1988 s11", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "authorship", "text": "who first owns a work made by staff", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11 first ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "authorship", "quote": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following provisions." } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "uk", "text": "United Kingdom", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11 first ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "uk", "quote": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following provisions." } ] }, "kind": { "value": "statute", "text": "a statute, rule of evidence or procedure", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11 first ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "statute", "quote": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following provisions." } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following…", "documents": [ { "document": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11 first ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "stated", "quote": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following provisions." } ] } } }, { "name": "DPA 2018 s170", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "personal-data", "text": "personal or criminal offence data and its lawful use", "documents": [ { "document": "Data Protection Act 2018, section 170 unlawful obtaining of personal data", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/170", "value": "personal-data", "quote": "It is an offence for a person knowingly or recklessly" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "uk", "text": "United Kingdom", "documents": [ { "document": "Data Protection Act 2018, section 170 unlawful obtaining of personal data", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/170", "value": "uk", "quote": "It is an offence for a person knowingly or recklessly" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "statute", "text": "a statute, rule of evidence or procedure", "documents": [ { "document": "Data Protection Act 2018, section 170 unlawful obtaining of personal data", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/170", "value": "statute", "quote": "It is an offence for a person knowingly or recklessly" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "It is an offence for a person knowingly or recklessly", "documents": [ { "document": "Data Protection Act 2018, section 170 unlawful obtaining of personal data", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/170", "value": "stated", "quote": "It is an offence for a person knowingly or recklessly" } ] } } }, { "name": "Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(3)", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "privilege", "text": "privilege or work product and how disclosure waives it", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 26 trial-preparation materials", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_26", "value": "privilege", "quote": "Ordinarily, a party may not discover documents and tangible things that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 26 trial-preparation materials", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_26", "value": "us", "quote": "Ordinarily, a party may not discover documents and tangible things that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "statute", "text": "a statute, rule of evidence or procedure", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 26 trial-preparation materials", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_26", "value": "statute", "quote": "Ordinarily, a party may not discover documents and tangible things that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "Ordinarily, a party may not discover documents and tangible things that are prepared in…", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 26 trial-preparation materials", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_26", "value": "stated", "quote": "Ordinarily, a party may not discover documents and tangible things that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial by or for another party or its representative" } ] } } }, { "name": "Federal Rule of Evidence 502", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "privilege", "text": "privilege or work product and how disclosure waives it", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "value": "privilege", "quote": "When the disclosure is made in a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "us", "text": "United States", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "value": "us", "quote": "When the disclosure is made in a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "statute", "text": "a statute, rule of evidence or procedure", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "value": "statute", "quote": "When the disclosure is made in a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "the waiver extends to an undisclosed communication or information in a federal or state…", "documents": [ { "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "value": "stated", "quote": "the waiver extends to an undisclosed communication or information in a federal or state proceeding only if:" } ] } } }, { "name": "ICO criminal offence data", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "personal-data", "text": "personal or criminal offence data and its lawful use", "documents": [ { "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "value": "personal-data", "quote": "Key provisions in the legislation - See UK GDPR Article 10" } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "uk", "text": "United Kingdom", "documents": [ { "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "value": "uk", "quote": "Key provisions in the legislation - See UK GDPR Article 10" } ] }, "kind": { "value": "guidance", "text": "a regulator's or law society's guidance", "documents": [ { "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "value": "guidance", "quote": "Key provisions in the legislation - See UK GDPR Article 10" } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "For example, data about criminal allegations or convictions may have a particular impact…", "documents": [ { "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "value": "stated", "quote": "For example, data about criminal allegations or convictions may have a particular impact on:" } ] } } }, { "name": "Law Society of Scotland file guidance", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "file-ownership", "text": "who owns the documents in a client file", "documents": [ { "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "value": "file-ownership", "quote": "Documents produced by the client or produced by the solicitor for the client." } ] }, "jurisdiction": { "value": "uk", "text": "United Kingdom", "documents": [ { "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "value": "uk", "quote": "Documents produced by the client or produced by the solicitor for the client." } ] }, "kind": { "value": "guidance", "text": "a regulator's or law society's guidance", "documents": [ { "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "value": "guidance", "quote": "Documents produced by the client or produced by the solicitor for the client." } ] }, "what_it_says": { "value": "stated", "text": "Notes of internal meetings and telephone calls, which form part of the solicitor's…", "documents": [ { "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "value": "stated", "quote": "Notes of internal meetings and telephone calls, which form part of the solicitor's preparatory work." } ] } } }, { "name": "SRA confidentiality guidance", "answers": { "governs": { "value": "confidentiality", "text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client", "documents": [ { "document": "SRA, 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and tangible things that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial by or for another party or its representative", "text_sha256": "18949aafc26f88293a5f0cbf43f62e3150ddfda3c2f98e00c78abb38fbb580a9" }, { "subject": "Federal Rule of Evidence 502", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "question": "governs", "answer": "privilege", "answer_text": "privilege or work product and how disclosure waives it", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "When the disclosure is made in a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection", "text_sha256": "29b266a058cb99e02f71de82ccc3260de8dd7e15c1c4041e0898fc3a28d857b5" }, { "subject": "Federal Rule of Evidence 502", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "question": "jurisdiction", "answer": "us", "answer_text": "United States", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "When the disclosure is made in a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection", "text_sha256": "29b266a058cb99e02f71de82ccc3260de8dd7e15c1c4041e0898fc3a28d857b5" }, { "subject": "Federal Rule of Evidence 502", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "question": "kind", "answer": "statute", "answer_text": "a statute, rule of evidence or procedure", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "When the disclosure is made in a federal proceeding or to a federal office or agency and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection", "text_sha256": "29b266a058cb99e02f71de82ccc3260de8dd7e15c1c4041e0898fc3a28d857b5" }, { "subject": "Federal Rule of Evidence 502", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "document": "Federal Rules of Evidence, Rule 502 attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "question": "what_it_says", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "the waiver extends to an undisclosed communication or information in a federal or state…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "the waiver extends to an undisclosed communication or information in a federal or state proceeding only if:", "text_sha256": "29b266a058cb99e02f71de82ccc3260de8dd7e15c1c4041e0898fc3a28d857b5" }, { "subject": "ICO criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "question": "governs", "answer": "personal-data", "answer_text": "personal or criminal offence data and its lawful use", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Key provisions in the legislation - See UK GDPR Article 10", "text_sha256": "2bc383ad96f89f09fbcfddbcfe2d49a2c82c2acf7553ef42790bcbec70b65d6e" }, { "subject": "ICO criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "question": "jurisdiction", "answer": "uk", "answer_text": "United Kingdom", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Key provisions in the legislation - See UK GDPR Article 10", "text_sha256": "2bc383ad96f89f09fbcfddbcfe2d49a2c82c2acf7553ef42790bcbec70b65d6e" }, { "subject": "ICO criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "question": "kind", "answer": "guidance", "answer_text": "a regulator's or law society's guidance", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Key provisions in the legislation - See UK GDPR Article 10", "text_sha256": "2bc383ad96f89f09fbcfddbcfe2d49a2c82c2acf7553ef42790bcbec70b65d6e" }, { "subject": "ICO criminal offence data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "document": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "question": "what_it_says", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "For example, data about criminal allegations or convictions may have a particular impact…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For example, data about criminal allegations or convictions may have a particular impact on:", "text_sha256": "2bc383ad96f89f09fbcfddbcfe2d49a2c82c2acf7553ef42790bcbec70b65d6e" }, { "subject": "Law Society of Scotland file guidance", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "question": "governs", "answer": "file-ownership", "answer_text": "who owns the documents in a client file", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "Documents produced by the client or produced by the solicitor for the client.", "text_sha256": "a0921064ec6dfe1bcb213377e74b553fdc6e52e32d6eaf4af9e744bdb0595c37" }, { "subject": "Law Society of Scotland file guidance", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "question": "jurisdiction", "answer": "uk", "answer_text": "United Kingdom", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "Documents produced by the client or produced by the solicitor for the client.", "text_sha256": "a0921064ec6dfe1bcb213377e74b553fdc6e52e32d6eaf4af9e744bdb0595c37" }, { "subject": "Law Society of Scotland file guidance", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "question": "kind", "answer": "guidance", "answer_text": "a regulator's or law society's guidance", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "Documents produced by the client or produced by the solicitor for the client.", "text_sha256": "a0921064ec6dfe1bcb213377e74b553fdc6e52e32d6eaf4af9e744bdb0595c37" }, { "subject": "Law Society of Scotland file guidance", "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "document": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "question": "what_it_says", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "Notes of internal meetings and telephone calls, which form part of the solicitor's…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29", "quote": "Notes of internal meetings and telephone calls, which form part of the solicitor's preparatory work.", "text_sha256": "a0921064ec6dfe1bcb213377e74b553fdc6e52e32d6eaf4af9e744bdb0595c37" }, { "subject": "SRA confidentiality guidance", "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/", "document": "SRA, confidentiality of client information", "question": "governs", "answer": "confidentiality", "answer_text": "a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "requires you to keep the affairs of current and former clients confidential unless disclosure is required or permitted by law or the client consents.", "text_sha256": "0cbca5ee718b53fefa7ef3fa99ff326b7abb3f315d1c8a9e5fd69cc10816efde" }, { "subject": "SRA confidentiality guidance", "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/", "document": "SRA, confidentiality of client information", "question": "jurisdiction", "answer": "uk", "answer_text": "United Kingdom", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "requires you to keep the affairs of current and former clients confidential unless disclosure is required or permitted by law or the client consents.", "text_sha256": "0cbca5ee718b53fefa7ef3fa99ff326b7abb3f315d1c8a9e5fd69cc10816efde" }, { "subject": "SRA confidentiality guidance", "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/", "document": "SRA, confidentiality of client information", "question": "kind", "answer": "guidance", "answer_text": "a regulator's or law society's guidance", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "requires you to keep the affairs of current and former clients confidential unless disclosure is required or permitted by law or the client consents.", "text_sha256": "0cbca5ee718b53fefa7ef3fa99ff326b7abb3f315d1c8a9e5fd69cc10816efde" }, { "subject": "SRA confidentiality guidance", "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/", "document": "SRA, confidentiality of client information", "question": "what_it_says", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "requires you to keep the affairs of current and former clients confidential unless…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "requires you to keep the affairs of current and former clients confidential unless disclosure is required or permitted by law or the client consents.", "text_sha256": "0cbca5ee718b53fefa7ef3fa99ff326b7abb3f315d1c8a9e5fd69cc10816efde" } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_6_confidentiality_of_information/", "label": "ABA Model Rule 1.6: confidentiality of information", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_8_current_clients_specific_rules/", "label": "ABA Model Rule 1.8: current clients, specific rules", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_9_duties_of_former_clients/", "label": "ABA Model Rule 1.9: duties to former clients", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_16_declining_or_terminating_representation/", "label": "ABA Model Rule 1.16: declining or terminating representation", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_1_17_sale_of_law_practice/", "label": "ABA Model Rule 1.17: sale of law practice", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_502", "label": "Federal Rule of Evidence 502: attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_26", "label": "Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/Portals/0/documents/rules/Rule_1.6-Exec_Summary-Redline.pdf", "label": "State Bar of California, rule 1.6", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/standards-regulations/code-conduct-solicitors/", "label": "SRA, Code of Conduct for Solicitors, RELs and RFLs", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "not-terms", "why": "the stored read is the SRA Code's contents page, which names 6.3 to 6.5 without their text; the SRA's confidentiality guidance quotes the duty and is its row" }, { "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/", "label": "SRA, confidentiality of client information", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.lawscot.org.uk/members/rules-and-guidance/rules-and-guidance/section-e/division-b/guidance/the-ownership-and-destruction-of-files", "label": "Law Society of Scotland, the ownership and destruction of files", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/criminal-offence-data/what-is-criminal-offence-data/", "label": "ICO, what is criminal offence data", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "label": "CDPA 1988 s11: first ownership of copyright", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/170", "label": "Data Protection Act 2018 s170: unlawful obtaining of personal data", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.womblebonddickinson.com/uk/insights/articles-and-briefings/solicitors-who-owns-your-file", "label": "Womble Bond Dickinson, solicitors: who owns your file", "license": "quoted for comment from the publisher's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute", "class": "secondary", "status": "not-terms", "why": "a law firm's article on the Law Society practice note; the charter admits it for name discovery only" } ], "methodology": "Each provision's own the ABA Model Rules, the Federal Rules of Evidence and Civil Procedure, the State Bar of California, the SRA Code and guidance, the Law Society of Scotland, the ICO and UK statute were read through estate-fetch and stored whole (sha256 on every row). For every text, four questions were answered from its own words: what it governs, where it applies, what kind of text it is, what it says, in its own words. Every stated answer carries the sentence it rests on, checked against the stored text; 'not stated' means the text read does not address the question. A provision with several texts reads 'varies' where they disagree. 13 provisions, 13 texts.", "embed": "
5 of 13 texts read govern a lawyer's duty of confidence to a current or former client, each quoted from its own page, newest read 29 October 2026.
The rules on a firm using a closed matter's file, sellcasefilestoai.com
" }